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To help you better understand the heating and cooling industry, here are a few of the terms most commonly used:
AFUE - Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency applies
to furnaces - both gas and oil. It describes the percentage of heat
produced for every dollar of fuel consumed. |
Air conditioner - Equipment that conditions air by cleaning, cooling,
heating, humidifying, or dehumidifying it. A term often applied to
comfort cooling equipment. |
Air conditioning - A process that maintains comfort conditions in
a defined area. |
Air handler - The device that moves the air across the heat exchanger
in a forced-air system- normally considered to be the fan and its housing. |
Air sensor - A device that registers changes in air conditions such
as pressure, velocity, temperature, or moisture content. |
Air vent - A fitting used to vent air manually or automatically
from a system. |
Automatic control - Controls that react to a change in conditions
to cause the condition to stabilize. |
Automatic expansion valve - A refrigerant control valve that maintains
a constant pressure in an evaporator. |
Bleeding - Allowing pressure to move from one pressure
level to another very slowly. |
Bore - The inside diameter of a cylinder. |
British thermal unit - The amount (quanity) of heat required to
raise the temperature of 1lb of water 1'F. |
Btu - Abbreviation for British thermal unit. |
Burner - A device used to prepare and burn fuel. |
Carbon dioxide - A by-product of natural gas combustion
that is not harmful. |
Carbon monoxide - A poisonous, colorless, odorless, tasteless gas
generated by incomplete combustion. |
Charge - The quanity of refrigerant in a system. Charging cylinder:
A device that allows the technician to accurately charge a refrigeration
system with refrigerant. |
Chlorofluocarbons (CFC) - Those refrigerants thought to contribute
to the depletion of the ozone layer. |
Circuit breaker - A device that opens an electric circuit when an
overload occurs. |
CO2 indicator - An instrument used to detect the quanity of carbon
dioxide in flue gas for efficiency purposes. |
Code - The local, state, or national rules that govern safe installation
and service of systems and equipment for the purpose of safety of the
public and trade personnel. |
Cold - The word used to describe heat at lower levles of intensity. |
Combustion - A reaction called rapid oxidation or burning produced
with the right combination of a fuel, oxygen, and heat. |
Compressor - A vapor pump that pumps vapor (refrigerant or air)
from one pressure level to a higher pressure level. |
Condensate - The moisture collected on an evaporator coil. |
Condensate pump - A small pump used to pump condensate to a higher
level. |
Condenser - The component in a refrigeration system than transfers
heat from the system by condensing refrigerant. |
Condensing temperature - The temperature at which a vapor changes
to a liquid. |
Condensing unit - A complete unit that includes the compressor and
the condensing coil. |
Cycle - A complete sequence of events (from start to finish) in
a system. |
Damper - A component in an air distribution system
that restricts air flow from the purpose of air balance. |
Dehumify - To remove moisture from air. |
Density - The weight per unit of volume of a substance. |
Dew point - The exact temperature at which moisture begins to form. |
Drier - A device used in a refrigerant line to remove moisture. |
Drip pan - A pan shaped to collect moisture condensing on an evaporator
coil in an air conditioning of refrigeration system. |
Duct - A sealed channel used to convey air from the system to and
from the point of utilization. |
Electronic air filter - A filter that changes dust
particles using high-voltage direct current and then collects these
particles on a plate of an opposite charge. |
Energy efficiency ratio (EER) - An equipment efficiency rating that
is determined by dividing the output in Btuh by input in watts. This
does not take into account the startup and shutdown for each cycle. |
Ethane gas - The fossil fuel, natural gas, used for heat. |
Evaporation - The condition that occurs when heat is absorbed by
liquid and it changes to vapor. |
Fahrenheit scale - The temperature scale that places
the boiling point of water at 212'F and the freezing point at 32'F. |
Fan - A device that produces a pressure difference in air to move
it. |
Fan cycling - The used of a pressure control to turn a condenser
fan on and off to maintain a correct pressure within the system. |
Fan relay coil - A magenetic coil that controls the starting and
stopping of a fan. |
Filter - A fine mesh or porous material that removes particles from
passing fluids. |
Flue - The duct that carries the products of combustion out of a
structure for a fossil-or-solid fuel system. |
Fluid - The state of matter of liquids and gases. |
Flush - The process of using a fluid to push contaminants from a
system. |
Force - Energy exerted. |
Freeze up - Excess ice or frost accumulation on an evaporator to
the point that airflow may be affected. |
Freon - The trade name for refrigerants manufactured by E.I. duPont
de Nemours & Co.,Inc. |
Furnace - Equipment used to convert heating energy, such as fuel
oil, gas, or electricity, to usable heat. It usually contains a heat
exchanger, a blower, and the controls to operate the system. |
Gas - The vapor state of matter. |
Gas valve - A valve used to stop, start, or modualte the flow of
natural gas. |
Heat - Energy that causes molecules to be in motion
and to raise the temperature of a substance. |
Heat anticipator - A device that anticipates the need for cutting
off the heating system prematurely so the fan can cool the furnace. |
Heat coil - A device made of tubing or pipe designed to transfer
heat to a cooler substance by using fluids. |
Heat exchanger - A device that transfers heat from one substance
to another. |
Heat pump - A refrigeration system used to supply heat or cooling
using valves to reverse the refrigerant gas flow. |
Humidifier - A device used to add moisture to the air. |
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) - Refrigerants thought to contribute
to the depletion of the ozone layer although not to the extent of chlorofluorocarbons. |
ICM motor - Is a variable-speed motor. It adjusts
its speed to deliver the right airflow needed by the system. |
Ignition transformer - Provides a high-voltage current, usually
to produce a spark to ignite a furnace fuel, either gas or oil. |
Induced draft motor - The draft developed in the heat exchanger
of a gasfired furnace by a fan located at the outlet of the heat exchanger,
May be used with a natural-draft vent, or with a direct vent system:
also called fan-assisted or mechanical draft. |
Inert gas - A gas that will not support most chemical reactions,
particularly oxidation. |
Intermittent ignition - Ignition system for a gas furnace that operates
only when needed or when furnace is operating. |
Junction box - A metal or plastic box within which
electrical connections are made. |
Limit control - A control used to make a change
in a system, usually to stop it when predetermined limits of pressure
or temperature are reached. |
Line set - A term used for tubing sets furnished by the manufacturer. |
Liquid - A substance where molecules push outward and downward and
seek a uniform level. |
Liquid line - A term applied in the industry to refer to the tubing
or piping from the condenser to the expansion device. |
Liquid receiver - A container in the refrigeration system where
liquid refrigerant is stored. |
Melting point - The temperature at which a substance
will change from a solid to a liquid. |
Modulator - A device that adjusts by small increments of changes. |
Molecule - The smallest particle that a substance can be broken
into and still retain its chemical identity. |
Montreal Protocol - This landmark agreement initially required a
production and consumption freeze. The montreal protocal called for
a stepwise reduction and eventual production phaseout of various ozone
depleting substances in developed countries. |
Natural gas - A fossil fuel formed over millions
of years from dead vegetation and animals that were deposited or washed
deep into the earth. |
Neutralizer - A substance used to conteract acids. |
Nitrogen - An inert gas often used to "sweep" a refrigeration system
to help ensure that all refrigerant and contaminants have been removed. |
Oxidation - The combining of a material with oxygen
to form a dofferent substance. This results in the deterioration of
the original substance. |
Ozone - A form of oxygen. A layer of ozone in the stratosphere that
protects the earth from certain of the sun's ultraviolet wave lenghts. |
Package unit - A refrigeration system where all
major components are located in one cabinet. |
Pilot light - The flame that ignites the main burner on a gas furnace. |
Plenum - A sealed chamber at the inlet or outlet of an air handler.
The duct attaches to the plenum. |
Pressure - Force per unit of area. |
Pressure limiter - A device that opens when a certain pressure is
reached. |
Pressure switch - A switch operated by a change in pressure. |
Propane - An LP gas used for heat. |
PSI - Abbreviation for pounds per square inch. |
Pump - A device that forces fluids through a system. |
Purge - To remove or release fluid from a system. |
PVC ( Polyvinyl choride) - Plastic pipe used in pressure applications
for water and gas as well as for sewage and certain industrial applications. |
R-22 - Monochlorodifluoromethane, a popualr refrigerant
for air conditioning systems. |
Refrigerant - The fluid in a refrigeration system that changes from
a liquid to a vapor and back to a liquid at practical pressures. |
Refrigerant recovery - To remove refrigerant in any condition froam
a system and store it in an external container without necessary testing
of processing it in any way. |
Refrigerant recycling - To clean the refrigerant by oil seperation
and single or multiple passes through devices, such as replaceable
core filter-driers, which reduce moisture, acidity and particulate
matter. This term usually applies to procedures implemented at the
job site or at a local service shop. |
Refrigeration - The process of removing heat from a place where
it is not wanted and tranferring heat to a place where it makes little
or no difference. |
Relay - A small electromagnetic device to control a switch, motor,
or valve. |
Relief valve - A valve designed to open and release liquids at a
certain pressure. |
Rollout switch - A heat-sensitive protective device that opens the
circuit if flame migrates away from the burner box. |
Rotor - The rotating or moving component of a motor, including the
shaft. |
Scroll compressor - A compressor that uses two
scroll-type components to compress vapor. |
Seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) - An equipment efficiency
rating that takes into account the startup and shutdown for each cycle. |
Sensor - A component for detection that changes shape, form, or
resistance when a condition changes. |
Service valve - A manually operated valve in a refrigeration system
used for various service procedures. |
Short cycle - The term used to describe the running time (on time)
of a unit when it is not running long enough. |
Solenoid - A coil of wire designed to carry an electrical current
producing a magnetic field. |
Split system - A refrigeration or air conditioning system that has
the condensing unit remote from the indoor (evaporator) coil. |
Steam - The vapor state of water. |
Subcooling - The temperature of a liquid when it is cooled below
its condensing temperature. |
Temperature - A word used to describe the level
of heat of molecular activity. |
Thermocoulper - A device made of two unlike metals that generates
electricity when there is a difference in temperature from one end
to the other. Thermocouples have a hot and cold junction. |
Thermometer - An instrument used to detect differences in the level
of heat. |
Thermostat - A device that senses temperature change and changes
some dimension or condition within to control an operating device. |
Thermostatic expansion valve (TXV) - A valve used in refrigeration
systems to control the superheat in an evaporator by metering the correct
refrigerant flow to the evaportator. |
Ton of refrigeration - The amount of heat required to melt a ton
(2000 lb) of ice at 32'F, 288,000 Btu/24 h, 12,000 Btu/h, or 200 Btu/min. |
Transformer - A coil or wire wrapped around an iron core that induces
a current to another coil of wire wrapped around the same iron core. |
Ultraviolet - Light waves that can only be seen
under a special lamp. |
Vacuum pump - A pump used to remove some fluids
such as air and moisture from a system at a pressure below the earth's
atmosphere. |
Valve - A device used to control fluid flow. |
Vapor - The gaseous state of a substance. |
Vapor lock - A condition where vapor is trapped in a liquid line
and impedes liquid flow. |
Vapor pump - Another name for compressor. |
Vaporization - The changing of a liquid to a gas or vapor. |
Velocity - The speed at which a substance passes a point. |
Watt - A unit of power applied to electron flow.
One watt equals 3.414 Btu. |
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